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Arsenic exists widely in nature. Long-term arsenic exposure is closely related to the occurrence and development of diseases related to nervous system, digestive system, urinary system, cardiovascular system and other related diseases, which seriously threatens human health. Anthocyanins belong to flavonoids, which have the characteristics of antioxidant properties, and have the functions of protecting liver, improving memory, improving immunity, and protecting nervous system, digestive system, urinary system, cardiovascular system, etc. In this paper, the research status of arsenic-induced health hazards and the protective mechanism of anthocyanins on health hazards in recent years is summarized, in order to provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of chronic arsenic poisoning injury.
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Fluorine is an essential trace element for human body. Appropriate amount of fluorine can have a certain positive impact on the body, but long-term intake of excessive fluorine will cause damage to the body, which is an important cause of endemic fluorosis. The main feature of fluorosis is skeletal injury to the bones and teeth of the body. In recent years, the research of non-skeletal injury has been increasingly paid attention by research scholars. This paper summarized the non-skeletal injury of fluorine to urinary, digestive, nervous, circulatory, reproductive, immune systems and other systems, providing a reference for fluorosis-related studies other than skeletal injury.
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Objective:To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphism at the estrogen receptor 1(ESR1) gene rs1801132 with the risk of brick-tea type skeletal fluorosis.Methods:The typical brick-tea type fluorosis areas in Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia were selected as the survey sites for a cross-sectional study. An epidemiological questionnaire was conducted by the staffs on the sites for participants older than 16 years, and physical examination and X-ray diagnosis were performed. Brick tea, blood, and urine samples were collected at the same time. The diagnosis of skeletal fluorosis through X-ray was based on the "Diagnostic Criteria for Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis" (WS/T 192-2008); The determination of tea's fluoride and urinary fluoride was performed by fluoride ion-selective electrode method; gene sequencing analysis of rs1801132 locus of ESR1 gene was done by Sequenom MassARRAY flight mass spectrometry system.Results:A total of 994 patients were included in this study. The total prevalence of skeletal fluorosis was 23.9% (238/994). The prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in Tibetans(39.9%, 123/308) was higher than those of Mongolian and Han nationality [22.2% (58/261), 13.4% (57/425), χ 2=20.435, 67.811, P < 0.05]. Based on binary logistic analysis, the daily tea fluoride intake ≤ 3.5 mg, urinary fluoride content ≤1.6 mg/L, and age ≤45 years were used as the reference groups, and then, when the daily tea fluoride intake > 7.0 mg ( OR=2.865, 95% CI: 1.923-4.268), urinary fluoride content > 1.6-3.2 mg/L ( OR=2.368, 95% CI: 1.686-3.326) and > 3.2 mg/L ( OR=3.559, 95% CI: 2.401-5.276), the age > 45-65 years old ( OR=2.361, 95% CI: 1.603-3.477) and > 65 years old ( OR=4.556, 95% CI: 2.845-7.296), the risk of fluorosis was higher than that of the reference group, respectively. When the daily tea fluoride intake was > 3.5-7.0 mg and the level of urinary fluoride was > 1.6-3.2 mg/L, G allele had a protective effect on skeletal fluorosis in Mongolian population (adjusted OR=0.207, 95% CI: 0.044-0.974); when the daily tea fluoride intake was > 3.5-7.0 mg, gender was male group, G allele had a protective effect on skeletal fluorosis in Han population (adjusted OR=0.315, 95% CI: 0.112-0.887). Conclusion:The single nucleotide polymorphism of the rs1801132 locus at the ESR1 gene may be associated with the risk of susceptibility to brick-tea type skeletal fluorosis in Mongolian and Han nationality.
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Objective@#To analyze the concordance of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA gene mutations detected in plasma and matched tumor tissues in colorectal cancer patients, in order to provide good evidences to support plasma could be a potential surrogate of tumor tissue for gene mutation test.@*Methods@#One hundred and seventy-five cases of colorectal cancer were collected at the First Hospital of Jilin University, from October 2016 to October 2017.There were 101 males and 74 females, their ages ranged from 28 to 85 years,with median age of 59 years. The KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA gene mutations in the plasma and paired tumor specimens of all patients were detected by next generation sequencing.@*Results@#The results of tissue samples test were gold standard. Comparison of the four genes showed that concordance rates between plasma and tissue samples were 81.1%(Kappa=0.543), 99.4%(Kappa=0.886), 99.4% (Kappa=0.886) and 97.7%(Kappa=0.714) respectively for KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA. The plasma detection rates of these genes were related to tumor stage(P=0.001), but not to gender(P=0.468) and age(P=1.000) of patients.@*Conclusions@#The study shows a high concordance of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA gene mutations in plasma against mutation status in tumor tissue. In colorectal cancer, tumor tissue remains the best specimen for gene detection. However, patients from tumor tissue specimens cannot be obtained, especially those with advanced metastases, plasma can be used instead of tissue to detect the mutation status of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA to guide targeted therapy.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of health literacy and exercise-focused interventions on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in China.Methods In this cluster randomized controlled trial,a total of 799 T2DM patients with most recent hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc) ≥ 7.5％ (or fasting plasma glucose level ≥ 10 mmol/L) were recruited from 8 communities in Minhang and Changning districts of Shanghai,and randomized into a health literacy intervention group,an exercise intervention group,a comprehensive intervention group and a control group.After baseline survey and examination,a one-year intervention and 3 times (at 3rd,6th,and 12th month) follow-up surveys were conducted.Results The follow-up rates for all the subjects were 99.4％,98.4％ and 95.2％,respectively,at 3rd,6th and 12th month.Patients in intervention groups were more likely to achieve a goal HbAlc level (HbA1c ＜ 7.0％) than those in control group,with the highest glycemic control rate (25.3％) observed in comprehensive intervention group at 3rd month and then in exercise intervention group (25.3％ and 34.6％) respectively,at 6th month and 12th month.The average levels of HbAlc in three intervention groups were lower at each follow-up time point than those at baseline survey.However,the decreases in HbA1c were obvious only at 6th month (P＜0.001),with ls-mean (95％CI) of-0.48％ (-0.71％,-0.25％),-0.33％ (-0.55％,-0.11％) and-0.70％ (-0.92％,-0.48％),respectively,in comprehensive,health literacy and exercise intervention groups,but it increased slightly by 0.03％ (-0.19％,0.25％) in control group.Compared with control group,the interventions were significantly associated with the decrease of HbA1c level,with the most improvement observed in comprehensive group (3 =-0.47,95％ CI:-0.73,-0.20) at 3rd month,and in exercise intervention group at 6th month (3=-0.73,95％CI:-0.98,-0.47) and at 12th month (β=-0.75,95％CI:-1.05,-0.45) of follow-up.Stratified analyses showed that patients with lower health literacy level could benefit from any intervention,while those with higher numeracy skill benefited more from exercise intervention.Conclusion Both health literacy and exercise-focused interventions may decrease HbA1c level in patients with T2DM,which would be helpful in reducing the risks of complications and deaths in diabetes patients.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) gene Rs1801282 and brick-tea type fluorosis. Methods From 2012 to 2013, this cross-sectional study was performed in 16 endemic fluorosis areas of brick-tea type in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Qinghai and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China,to select adults>18 years old as subjects, who were diagnosed as skeletal fluorosis by X-ray. All of the subjects filled in demography survey questionnaire; the survey contents included general characteristic s, and average daily brick tea intake. Drinking tea samples and urine samples of each subject were collected, and fluoride content of urine and brick-tea was determined via the ion selective electrode method (WS/T 89-2006). X-ray scintigraphy was used to diagnose skeletal fluorosis, according to the "Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis" (WS/T 192-2007); the subjects were divided into skeletal fluorosis group (case group) and non-skeletal fluorosis group (control group). To collect venous blood 5 ml, whole blood DNA was extracted, and polymorphism at Rs1801282 of PPARγ was detected by MassARRAY time-of-flight mass spectrometry, to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results There were 1 414 people included in this study,including 347 in case group and 1 067 in control group. By the Hardy-Weinberg balance test, the PPARγ gene Rs1801282 genotype was representative in case group, control group and each nationality (P > 0.05). The difference of PPARγ gene Rs1801282 genotype in case group and control group was not statistically significant (OR was 0.991, 95%CI: 0.704 - 1.395, the adjusted OR was 1.026, 95%CI: 0.707-1.489).The difference of PPARγ gene Rs1801282 genotype(CC,CG+GG)in case group and control group in different nationality was not statistically significant (Tibetan: OR was 1.400, 95%CI: 0.576 - 3.404, the adjusted OR was 1.258, 95%CI: 0.474 - 3.340; Kazak: OR was 0.898, 95%CI:0.516 -1.562,the adjusted OR was 0.936,95%CI:0.532 -1.648;Mongolia: OR was 1.148,95%CI:0.508-2.594, the adjusted OR was 1.644, 95%CI: 0.683 - 3.956; Han: OR was 1.058, 95%CI: 0.451 - 2.482, the adjusted OR was 0.959, 95%CI: 0.388 - 2.371; Russian: OR was 0.000, 95%CI: 0.000 - 0.000, the adjusted OR was 0.000, 95% CI: 0.000 - 0.000) with binary Logistic regression analysis. Conclusion We have found no association between SNP of PPARγ gene Rs1801282 and skeletal fluorosis of brick-tea type fluorosis in China.
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Objective To study the difference of the values of Young's modulus between the middle part and the inferior extremity of rabbit renal cortex.Methods Ten Japanese white rabbits were used for this study.The right renal vein was ligated.At time intervals of 15,30,60 and 90 minutes after ligation,the values of Young's modulus from different parts of the right renal cortex were recorded.Independent sample t test was used to compare the difference of the values of Young's modulus from the middle part and the inferior extremity of renal cortex at the same time point.Single factor variance analysis was used to compare the values of Young's modulus at the same point at difference time.Results Before renal vein ligation,the values of Young's modulus from the middle part and the inferior extremity of renal cortex were(15.93±1.70)kPa and(4.66±1.4)kPa.After the ligation,the values from those two parts of the kidney were as follows: 15 min after ligation,(34.84±4.91)kPa and(10.95±3.09)kPa; 30 min after ligation,(41.55±3.19)kPa and(20.39±4.06)kPa; 60 min after ligation,(50.63±2.73)kPa and(30.96±4.98)kPa; 90 min after ligation,(56.61±2.96)kPa and(42.40±5.79)kPa.The value of Young's modulus from the middle part of renal cortex was significantly higher than the inferior extremity of renal cortex,and the difference was statistically significant(t=21.63,7.44,7.19,5.26 and 2.41,all P＜0.05).The values of Young's modulus from different parts of the renal cortex after renal vein ligation were significantly higher than those before the ligation(t=-3.30,3.38,-2.47,1.83,all P ＜ 0.05),and the values increased gradually with time increased after ligation(t=-5.31,8.26,-7.81,3.65,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The values of Young's modulus from the middle part of renal cortex were higher than those of the inferior extremity of renal cortex determined by shear wave ultrasound elastic imaging technique.It is suggested that there is anisotropy in the renal cortex of rabbit.Prior to and within 90 min following renal vein ligation,the values of Young's modulus from the middle part of renal cortex were higher than those of the inferior extremity of renal cortex determined by shear wave ultrasound elastic imaging technique.
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The study mainly describes the research progress of domestic identification of similar Chinese medicinal plants and the research progress of foreign identification of similar plants, placing emphasis on the principle, merits and defects of new technology and methods including plant biotechnology, spectral identification technology and computer vision technology. With the continuous update of science and technology, the accuracy of identification of similar Chinese herbal medicine plants has been improved, and the rapid progress of identification of Chinese herbal medicine plants has been promoted. The paper mainly elaborated the latest development of plant identification technology of similar Chinese herbal medicines in depth, so as to summarize the principle and characteristics of the new technology and forecast the future prospect.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of health literacy and exercise-focused interventions on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in China.Methods In this cluster randomized controlled trial,a total of 799 T2DM patients with most recent hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc) ≥ 7.5％ (or fasting plasma glucose level ≥ 10 mmol/L) were recruited from 8 communities in Minhang and Changning districts of Shanghai,and randomized into a health literacy intervention group,an exercise intervention group,a comprehensive intervention group and a control group.After baseline survey and examination,a one-year intervention and 3 times (at 3rd,6th,and 12th month) follow-up surveys were conducted.Results The follow-up rates for all the subjects were 99.4％,98.4％ and 95.2％,respectively,at 3rd,6th and 12th month.Patients in intervention groups were more likely to achieve a goal HbAlc level (HbA1c ＜ 7.0％) than those in control group,with the highest glycemic control rate (25.3％) observed in comprehensive intervention group at 3rd month and then in exercise intervention group (25.3％ and 34.6％) respectively,at 6th month and 12th month.The average levels of HbAlc in three intervention groups were lower at each follow-up time point than those at baseline survey.However,the decreases in HbA1c were obvious only at 6th month (P＜0.001),with ls-mean (95％CI) of-0.48％ (-0.71％,-0.25％),-0.33％ (-0.55％,-0.11％) and-0.70％ (-0.92％,-0.48％),respectively,in comprehensive,health literacy and exercise intervention groups,but it increased slightly by 0.03％ (-0.19％,0.25％) in control group.Compared with control group,the interventions were significantly associated with the decrease of HbA1c level,with the most improvement observed in comprehensive group (3 =-0.47,95％ CI:-0.73,-0.20) at 3rd month,and in exercise intervention group at 6th month (3=-0.73,95％CI:-0.98,-0.47) and at 12th month (β=-0.75,95％CI:-1.05,-0.45) of follow-up.Stratified analyses showed that patients with lower health literacy level could benefit from any intervention,while those with higher numeracy skill benefited more from exercise intervention.Conclusion Both health literacy and exercise-focused interventions may decrease HbA1c level in patients with T2DM,which would be helpful in reducing the risks of complications and deaths in diabetes patients.
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Objective To explore the distribution of serum Mg,A1,Ca,Fe,Zn and Cu ions in Tibetan population in drinking tea type fluorosis areas,and to provide a clue for pathogenesis of drinking tea type fluorosis.Methods Tibetans from six villages in Qinghai Province (Maqin County and Dari County),who were over 16 years old,born and grew up in those villages,were included.All of the participants were received epidemic questionnaire survey,tea water samples were collected and the fluoride concentration was tested based on the standard of Brick Tea Fluoride Content (GB 19965-2005).Meanwhile,the daily amount of brick tea consumption was surveyed to calculate the daily intake of tea fluoride.Blood samples were collected and the concentration of serum Mg,Al,Ca,Fe,Zn and Cu ions was tested by the method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).All of the participants were diagnosed by X-ray,the parts we scheduled were forearm,shank and pelvic,then the skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Endemic Fluorosis (WS/T 192-2008).Results A total of 170 people were surveyed,74 people were skeletal fluorosis,and 96 people were non-skeletal fluorosis.The median (quartiles) of daily intake of tea fluoride was 7.35 (3.00,12.30) mg.The concentration of serum Mg ion was 22.02 (17.30,23.67) mg/L,Al ion was 0.22 (0.14,0.38) mg/L,Ca ion was 100.03 (88.56,112.73) mg/L,Fe ion was 1.66 (1.26,2.36) mg/L,Zn ion was 0.80 (0.63,0.95) mg/L and Cu ion was 1.28 (0.99,1.48) mg/L.The concentration of serum Fe ion was higher in male [2.13 (1.37,3.09) mg/L] than that of female [1.56 (1.18,2.02) mg/L,Z =3.28,P ＜ 0.01].The concentration of serum Mg,Ca,Cu and Zn ions in ≥70 years old group was 15.09 (13.64,24.13),68.67 (58.67,97.24),0.97 (0.72,1.34),and 0.54 (0.48,0.74) mg/L,respectively,which was lower than those in ＜ 40 years old group [21.67 (20.08,22.76),98.71 (90.77,113.97),1.35 (1.21,1.71),and 0.78 (0.73,1.01) mg/L],the differences were statistically significant (Z =2.26,2.99,3.01,3.34,P ＜ 0.05).Fe ion in 40-49 years old group was 1.77 (1.45,3.02) mg/L,in 50-59 years old group was 1.92 (1.44,2.66) mg/L,both of them were higher than those of ＜ 40 years old group [1.34 (0.94,1.57) mg/L,Z =-3.25,-2.89,P ＜ 0.05].People whose daily intake of tea fluoride over 4 mg had a lower concentration of Ca ion [98.22 (75.48,111.22) mg/L] than people whose daily intake of tea fluoride ＜ 2 mg [110.24 (97.50,113.97) mg/L,Z =2.41,P ＜ 0.05].No significant difference was found between different degrees of skeletal fluorosis and non-skeletal fluorosis (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In the Tibetans who lived in the drinking tea type fluorosis areas,the concentration of serum Mg,A1,Ca,Fe,Zn and Cu ions is similar between skeletal fluorosis and non-skeletal fluorosis,which is also similar between higher daily intake of tea fluoride and lower daily intake of tea fluoride.However,it is different between older people and younger people.
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Objective To observe the effect of febuxostat on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of kidney tubules and the levels of serum IL-6 nad transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 in hyperuricemic rats.Methods Forty male SD rats were divided into 4 groups:normal control group (NC group),oteracil potassium group (OP group),oteracil potassium with febuxostat group (OF group) and oteracil potassium with benzbromarone group (OB group).Each group had 10 rats and balanced in body weights.To induce hyperuricemia,rats were given oteracil potassium by gastric garage once a day for eight weeks.Rats in OF group and OB group were given either febuxostat or benbromarone starting with oteracil potassium,and rats in NC group was given saline only.Blood samples were taken before,and at the end of 4 and 8 weeks of the treatments and serum uric acid,creatinine,blood usea nitrogen (BUN),IL-6 and TGFβ1 contents were measured at each time point.Renal pathological changes were observed via HE and Masson staining,and the expression of α-SMA and E-cadherin were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with those in NC group,the levels of serum uric acid,creatinine,BUN,IL-6 and TGFβ1 in the another three groups were increased significantly (all P ＜ 0.01).However,the IL-6 and TGFβ1 contents in OF group were much lower than those in OP group (P ＜0.01).HE and Masson staining showed that OF group had less damage and tubulointerstitial fibrosis than OP group and OB group (P ＜0.01).Moreover,the expression of α-SMA was significantly down-regulated (P ＜ 0.01) and that of E-cadherin was significantly up-regulated in OF group compared with those in OP group.Conclusion Febuxostat treatment significantly inhibited EMT and reduced the levels of IL-6 and TGFβ1 in hyperuricemia rats.
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Objective To investigate the levels of literacy and numeracy in type 2 diabetes patients with poor glycemic status in communities of Shanghai,China,and to evaluate their associations with blood glucose level.Methods A total of 800 type 2 diabetes patients with recent HbA1c≥7.5％ or fasting plasma glucose level ≥10 mmol/L were recruited from 8 communities in Minhang district and Changning district of Shanghai,China,and were interviewed using a structured questionnaire during February 2015 and March 2016.Literacy and numeracy levels of all patients were evaluated using the validated Health Literacy Management Scale (HeLMS) and the 5-item version Diabetes Numeracy Test (DNT-5),respectively.Results The patients included in this study were observed to have higher levels of health literacy,with a median score of HeLMS being 116 [interquartile range (IQR),108-120] and a median correct rate of DNT-5 of 80％ (IQR,60％-100％).Age,educational level and occupation were significantly related with health literacy levels and numeracy.Sex and income were closely related with health literacy levels.HeLMS score was not significantly associated with HbA1c level (P =0.383),while the lower correct rate of DNT-5 was linked with a higher level of HbA1c.The median HbA1c level was 8.3％ (IQR 7.7％-9.4％) in the patients with the lowest tertile of DNT-5 correct rate,significantly higher than 8.2％ (IQR:7.5％-9.2％) in the medium and 8.0％ (IQR:7.5 ％-8.8 ％) in the highest tertile group (P =0.009).Conclusions Diabetes patients with poor glycemic status in communities of Shanghai have high levels of health literacy,which was significantly related with age,sex,educational level,occupation and income.Ability in numeracy may be a more important influence factor than health literacy for glycemic status of diabetes patients.
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Vaginal delivery system has a unique therapeutic advantage. In recent years, the rapid development of dosage forms shows a good prospect of development. The related literatures at home and abroad in recent years were analyzed and summarized. The research progress in the drug absorption model of various vaginal administrations was reviewed. The review provided reference for the research of new drug preparations and drug absorption mechanisms of vaginal administration.
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Nevirapine ( NVP) is the first-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, which is a front-line drug for the treatment of AIDS and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. NVP is with poor solubility and low bioavailability. With the development of new dosage forms, such as solid dispersion, self-emulsifying, microparticles, micelles, sustained-release tab-lets and floating microspheres, the bioavailability of NVP can be increased and the adverse reactions can be decreased. Research pro-gress in the new dosage forms of NVP at home and abroad was reviewed through searching literatures in order to provide basis for the development of new dosage forms of NVP.
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Objective To study the effect of heterogeneity in different parts of acute and chronic deep venous thrombus on the ultrasound shear wave elasticity value.Methods Fifteen Japanese rabbits were used to create an inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus model via IVC ligation.Young's modulus of the thrombus head,body and tail were measured using ultrasonic shear wave elasticity technique on the fifth day (acute phase) and 14th day (chronic phase) of thrombus formation.Pathological sections were obtained from the IVC thrombus in five rabbits at the two points of time mentioned above.Pair t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare the data between groups.Results On the fifth day,Young's modulus values of the thrombus head,body and tail were (5.73 ±0.47)kPa,(7.82±0.63)kPa and (4.76±0.45)kPa respectively.ANOVA showed significant difference among three parts (F=134.468,P ＜ 0.01).The value of the thrombus body was significantly higher than that of the head and tail (both P ＜ 0.01),and the value of the head was significantly higher than that of the tail (P ＜ 0.01).On the 14th day,Young's modulus values of the thrombus head,body and tail were (12.46 ± 2.59)kPa,(15.08 ±2.71)kPa and (10.03 ± 2.02)kPa,respectively.ANOVA analysis also showed significant difference among three parts (F=10.539,P ＜ 0.01).The value of the thrombus body was significantly higher than that of the tail (P ＜ 0.01),and also higher than that of the head,although the difference was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the head and tail (P ＞ 0.05).Young's modulus values of the thrombus head,body and tail in the chronic phase were significantly higher than those in the acute phase (t=-7.456,-7.989 and-8.159,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01).Pathological results showed that there was significant difference in thrombus structure and composition among different parts of the thrombus and among the thrombi in different individuals at corresponding points of time following thrombus formation.Conclusion There is significant heterogeneity among different parts of the same thrombus and among different thrombi at corresponding points of time after thrombus formation.Continual monitoring of the thrombus with ultrasound elasticity imaging may help to improve the accuracy of thrombosis staging.
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Pulmonary drug delivery has become a research focus in recent years, while the action between particles and pulmonary macrophages after particles transportation to lung tissue was paid little attention. Therapeutic efficacy can be enhanced by regulating the particles uptake action of pulmonary macrophages according to different diseases. Referring to a lot of articles, the relationship between common diseases and macrophages was reviewed and the influencing factors in the particles uptake of alveolar macrophages were sum-marized. The review laid foundation for the development of preparations and clinical application of pulmonary drug delivery systems.
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Objective To study the changes of Young's modulus value of the renal cortex,vertebral body and sinus when there was a different degree of acute renal artery stenosis.Methods 10 Japanese white rabbits were used for this study.The left renal artery was dissected.An ultrasound probe was placed on the left kidney,Young's modulus of the renal cortex,vertebral body and sinus were recorded using shear wave ultrasound elastic imaging technique during three stages:when the renal artery was intact (0％ stenosis),tied with a suture (＞ 50％ stenosis),and ligated (100％ stenosis).Renal tissue elasticity with different degrees of renal artery stenosis were compared.Pathological study was carried out in the kidneys,each with either 0％,＞ 50％ or 100％ renal artery stenosis.Results The mean values of Young's modulus from the renal cortex,vertebral body and sinus with different degrees of renal artery stenosis were as follows:0％ stenosis,(16.31 ±1.70) kPa,(13.38± 1.63) kPa,and (12.75±2.26) kPa;＞ 50％ stenosis,(14.16±2.34) kPa,(11.49±2.70) kPa,and (10.72±2.56) kPa;100％ stenosis,(11.35 ± 1.48) kPa,(8.39± 1.29) kPa,and (7.08 ± 1.52) kPa.The mean value of Young's modulus from the renal cortex was significantly higher than those from the renal vertebral body and sinus (P ＜ 0.05).The mean values of Young's modulus from different parts of the kidney decreased progressively with an increase in renal artery stenosis (P ＜ 0.05).The pathological study demonstrated that with the increase in the severity of renal artery stenosis,glomerular volume,renal interstitial capillary diameter and red blood cells decreased.When renal artery stenosis reached 100％,there was patch degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration within the renal interstitium,and mild degeneration of tubular epithelial cells with obscure cell borders.Conclusions The value of Young's modulus from the renal cortex was higher than those from the renal pyramid and sinus in rabbits.The values of Young's modulus from the renal cortex,pyramid and sinus decreased with an increase in the severity of renal artery stenosis,which suggest that,in the study of the elasticity of the kidney,the renal artery blood flow dynamic state can obviously affect the value of the elasticity of the kidney.
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Objective To observe the effects of different levels of sodium arsenite ( NaAsO2) on mRNA expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and apoptosis-related factors in PC12 cells ( rat neuron properties pheochromocytoma). Methods PC12 cells were treated with different levels of NaAsO2 [0 (control group), 2, 5, 10 μmol/L] for 24 hours. The mRNA expression of PEDF and apoptosis-related factors (Bax, Bcl-2) were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Results There were significant differences in the mRNA expressions of PEDF between the 4 groups (F=102.28, P 0.05); there were significant differences in the mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 between the 4 groups (F=19.87, P<0.05), the mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 in the group of 2, 5, 10 μmol/L (0.65 ± 0.03, 0.49 ± 0.04, 0.57 ± 0.09) were lower than that of control group (0.95 ± 0.11, all P<0.05);there were significant differences in the mRNA expressions of Bax/Bcl-2 between the 4 groups (F=8.352, P<0.05), the mRNA expressions of in the group of 5, 10μmol/L (1.80 ± 0.72, 1.82 ± 0.36) were higher than that of control group (1.02 ± 0.24, all P<0.05). Conclusion NaAsO2 may increase the expression of apoptosis-related factorsBax/Bcl-2 mRNA by decreasing the expression of PEDF mRNA in PC12 cells, leading to apoptosis in PC12 cells.
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Aim To investigate the effect of oxymatrine on lipid metabolism regulated genes in liver in fat-in-duced insulin resistance in ApoE -/- mice.Methods Seventeen C57BL/6J male mice were selected in normal control group.Sixty-eight ApoE -/- mice with high fat diet for 1 6 weeks,were randomly divided into model group,oxymatrine low,middle and high dose groups.Then they were gavaged for 8 weeks.Body weight and general biochemical indicators were deter-mined in mice.The mRNA and protein expression lev-els of LPL,FAT/CD36,CPT1 ,UCP2,SREBP-1 c,FAS and ACC were examined by real-time PCR and West-ern blot in the liver.Results Compared with model group,oxymatrine reduced body weight(BW),fasting blood glucose (FBG),cholesterol (TC ),triglyceride (TG),free fatty acids(FFA),fasting plasma insulin (FINS)and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)(P <0.05),while improved glucose infusion rate (GIR). Oxymatrine down-regulated the mRNA and protein ex-pression of LPL,FAT/CD36,UCP2,SREBP-1 c,FAS and ACC(P <0.05),and up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of CPT1 in varying degrees (P <0.05).Conclusion Oxymatrine can regulate the ex-pression of lipid metabolism regulated genes in liver and improve insulin resistance in ApoE -/- mice in-duced by high fat diet.
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Objective To observe the effects of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) on apoptosis in primary cultured rat cerebellar granule cell and nerve globin mRNA expression.Methods Twenty 7-8 days postnatal Wistar rats were selected and decapitated cerebellar cortex, granular cell suspension was prepared and 4 × 109/m2 cells were seeded in the culture flask.Cells were exposed to different concentrations NaAsO2 [0 (control), 2, 5 and 10 μmol/L] for 24 h and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and apoptosis were determined by laser confocal,while real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect mRNA expression in cultured cells after 24 and 48 h cell culture.Results Fluorescence intensity of ROS of 0, 2, 5, 10 μmol/L fluoride groups were 421.32 ± 53.52,1 082.09 ± 321.58, 2 223.02 ± 1 011.37 and 1 366.87 ± 102.14, the difference was statistically significant (F =5.873,P ＜ 0.05);Apoptosis rates were (8.91 ± 5.63)％, (26.46 ± 1.77)％, (43.65 ± 14.45)％ and (56.04 ± 6.95)％, the difference was statistically significant (F =18.369, P ＜ 0.05);24 h nerve globin mRNA expression were 1.00 ± 0.06,0.77 ± 0.22, 0.43 ± 0.18 and 0.42 ± 0.14, the difference was statistically significant (F =18.235, P ＜ 0.05);48 h nerve globin mRNA expression were 1.00 ± 0.01, 0.89 ± 0.09, 0.60 ± 0.16 and 0.08 ± 0.02, the difference was statistically significant (F =80.843, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion With increased NaAsO2 concentration, ROS and apoptosis levels are increased, while nerve globin mRNA expression is significantly reduced, suggesting that after the body is stimulated, protective proteins might be consumed, further suggesting nerve globin expression might be involved in nerve damage caused by arsenic.